Which of the following are components of the CISM system?

• A. Preincident stress education
• B. Defusing
• C. Spouse and family support
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Critical Incident Stress Management is a multi-part system designed to reduce the impact of traumatic events by addressing stress before, during, and after incidents. Preincident stress education prepares personnel by teaching about common stress reactions and healthy coping strategies before anything happens. Defusing provides a brief, early intervention soon after a critical incident to share information, normalize responses, and flag individuals who may need more support. Spouse and family support recognizes that the effects extend to loved ones and offers resources to help families cope. Because the CISM approach includes preparation, immediate response, and family-focused support, all of these components together form the full system. That’s why the best choice is the one that includes all of the above.